The U.S. Faces Chinese Competition in Digital Currency Developments

Critical Shift in China’s Digital Yuan Strategy

The People’s Bank of China has announced a pivotal policy shift to enhance the use of the digital yuan, which has been in pilot testing for years. Under the new regulations, starting January 1, 2026, commercial banks will be authorized to pay interest on digital yuan balances held by customers. This policy conversion aims to transition e-CNY from merely functioning as digital cash to becoming a form of “digital deposit currency.”

Officials highlight that the core goal of this approach is to revitalize the limited user interest. The introduction of interest payments is intended to make the digital yuan more competitive with traditional bank deposits. China is thus not only establishing a technological infrastructure in the digital currency domain but also implementing economic incentives to influence user behavior.

On an international scale, a central bank digital currency that bears interest introduces a new facet of competition, impacting cross-border payments and reserve currency balances. U.S. policymakers are primarily debating whether this development will diminish the appeal of dollar-based digital assets.

The Political and Sectoral Aspects of the U.S. Stablecoin Interest Debate

The GENIUS Act, which took effect in the U.S. in July, forbids dollar-backed payment stablecoins from providing direct interest or yield. This law seeks to position stablecoins as payment instruments while limiting direct competition with the banking system. However, feedback from the cryptocurrency sector suggests that stringent enforcement of the ban could set back U.S.-based projects on the global stage.

Statements from Coinbase’s policy team emphasize that the future of cryptocurrencies will be shaped by tokenization, and a flexible regulatory environment is necessary for the dollar to maintain its leadership in this ecosystem. China’s move to enable interest on digital yuan has further intensified the urgency of this debate in the U.S.

From the banking perspective, there is a contrasting opinion. Banking associations argue that incentives such as interest or rewards could divert deposits away from the traditional system, potentially posing risks to financial stability. The counter opinions conveyed in letters to the U.S. Congress in December highlight that the regulatory debate encompasses not only technical but also significant conflicts of interest.